書名：大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)—綜合教程2(第3版)
作者：孔慶炎 李霄翔 寧春巖 賈國(guó)棟 編
出版社： 高等教育出版社
Unit1 famous universities
Experiencing English integrated coursebook
Listen and Talk
Key:1. dating; 2. coast; 3. eastern; 4. where; 5. earn;
6. surrounded; 7. atmosphere; 8. undergraduate ; 9. name; 10. Apartment
Passage A
譯文牛津大學(xué)是英國(guó)最古老的大學(xué)，也是世界最著名的高等學(xué)府之一。牛津大學(xué)始建于12世紀(jì)。它位于英格蘭的牛津，在倫敦西北約80公里處。
牛津大學(xué)有16 300多名學(xué)生（1999 — 2000），其中留學(xué)生占將近四分之一，來(lái)自130多個(gè)國(guó)家。牛津大學(xué)有35個(gè)學(xué)院，還有5個(gè)由不同宗教團(tuán)體建立的私立學(xué)院。5個(gè)私立學(xué)院中，有3個(gè)只招男生。學(xué)院中，圣希爾達(dá)和薩默維爾學(xué)院只收女生，其他均為男女兼收。
牛津的每個(gè)學(xué)院都是獨(dú)立于大學(xué)的實(shí)體，由該學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng)和管委會(huì)成員負(fù)責(zé)管理。大部分管委會(huì)成員都被稱為“導(dǎo)師”，或?qū)W院教師，其余的是大學(xué)教授和講師。每個(gè)學(xué)院管理自己的房產(chǎn)和資產(chǎn)，選舉自己的管委會(huì)，選擇和招收自己的本科生。大學(xué)提供一些圖書館、實(shí)驗(yàn)室及其他設(shè)施，但教學(xué)和學(xué)生生活主要由各學(xué)院負(fù)責(zé)。
牛津大學(xué)給每個(gè)學(xué)生指定一個(gè)導(dǎo)師，他主要通過(guò)輔導(dǎo)課監(jiān)督學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。輔導(dǎo)課是指導(dǎo)師每周與1到2名學(xué)生見(jiàn)面一次。學(xué)生如需專業(yè)指導(dǎo)，還可約見(jiàn)其他的導(dǎo)師，也可選聽(tīng)大學(xué)老師講授的課程。學(xué)生選聽(tīng)什么課程是根據(jù)自己的興趣和導(dǎo)師的建議而定的。
學(xué)位由大學(xué)而不是各個(gè)學(xué)院授予。最低文科或理科學(xué)位是優(yōu)等文學(xué)學(xué)士。牛津還在其他眾多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域授予更高的學(xué)位、文憑和證書
羅茲獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金面向美國(guó)、加拿大和很多其他國(guó)家的學(xué)生，為他們提供至少兩年的牛津?qū)W習(xí)費(fèi)用。英國(guó)政府為在牛津和其他英國(guó)境內(nèi)的大學(xué)求學(xué)的美國(guó)公民提供“馬歇爾獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金”。
然而，獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和助學(xué)金的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)極其激烈，而且通常要求很嚴(yán)。學(xué)生們?cè)谏暾?qǐng)某一項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金之前應(yīng)仔細(xì)核查自己是否有資格，因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金對(duì)學(xué)生國(guó)籍和（或）課程都有限制。
牛津師生員工積極參與主動(dòng)招生的活動(dòng)，2001年這種活動(dòng)有55項(xiàng)以上，包括走訪3 700所中學(xué)和學(xué)院，以鼓勵(lì)優(yōu)秀學(xué)生報(bào)考牛津大學(xué)，而不管其背景如何。
在2001年度的“創(chuàng)新”競(jìng)賽中，牛津大學(xué)被授予英國(guó)最具創(chuàng)新精神的大學(xué)稱號(hào)。該競(jìng)賽旨 在發(fā)現(xiàn)哪一所英國(guó)大學(xué)在最廣的活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)取得了創(chuàng)新和進(jìn)取的最大成就。在2000年全英“教 學(xué)質(zhì)量評(píng)估”中，牛津在所評(píng)估的10個(gè)學(xué)科中有6個(gè)得分高居榜首。
牛津、斯坦福和耶魯3所大學(xué)最近合作開(kāi)發(fā)了“遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)”項(xiàng)目——“終生學(xué)習(xí)聯(lián)盟”，該項(xiàng)目將提供文科和理科的在線課程。
牛津的使命是在教學(xué)和研究的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域達(dá)到并保持領(lǐng)先地位；保持和加強(qiáng)其世界名校的歷 史地位；通過(guò)其研究成果和畢業(yè)生的技能促進(jìn)地區(qū)、國(guó)家的和全球的發(fā)展。
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，學(xué)校將針對(duì)知識(shí)環(huán)境和整個(gè)社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要，為員工提供進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新研究所需的設(shè)施和支持；提倡既富革新精神又嚴(yán)格認(rèn)真的教學(xué)，使教學(xué)與研究環(huán)境卓有成效地互動(dòng)從而推動(dòng)教學(xué)，通過(guò)輔導(dǎo)課指導(dǎo)和小組學(xué)習(xí)加速思想的交流，通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)學(xué)校圖書館、博物館以及科學(xué)收藏方面的資源，為畢業(yè)生能在國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際上一展身手打下基礎(chǔ)。
Read and think
2 Work with your partner and answer the following questions.
1. How many international students are studying at Oxford?
Answer: About 4 000 international students are studying at Oxford.
2. What does a tutor do?
Answer: A tutor supervises the students’ course of study and meets with them every week.
3. Are good students often granted a scholarship? Why or why not?
Answer: Not necessarily. Because most of the scholarships are restricted to certain nationalities and/or courses.
4. Why did the students and staff visit more than 3 700 schools and colleges in 2001?
Answer: They visited those schools in order to encourage the brightest and best students to apply to Oxford.
5. Would you like to study at Oxford University if you have an opportunity? List as many reasons as you can think of.
Answer : Open.
3. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.
1. Each college at Oxford is independent of the university and is managed by its own head and fellows.
2. The students from the United States, Canada and many other countries can apply for Marshall Scholarships to study at Oxford University.
3. The students should make sure that they are qualified for a particular scholarship before making an application.
4. The joint “distance learning” venture by Oxford, Stanford and Yale Universities only provides online courses for science students.
5. In order to fulfill its aim, the university provides the faculty members with the facilities and supports them to pursue innovative research
Anwser: 1.T, 2.F, 3.T, 4.F, 5.T
Read and complete
3. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
pursue | responsibility | grant | equip | restrict |
distinct | minimum | exploit | award | elect |
1. The group elected one of its members to be their spokesperson.
2. Wage increases are being kept to a(n) minimum in many companies because of the economic depression.
3. The engineering profession now has many distinct branches.
4. Now that you’re 13 you should have more sense of responsibility .
5. Students usually pursue one or more of the subjects, which they have studied at “A” level, such as Art, Drama, English, Music, etc.
6. We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.
7. Congress is considering measures to restrict the sale of cigarettes.
8. College courses should be designed to equip students with knowledge and skills to help them survive in modern society.
9. The local government granted $1.1 million so that the old theater could be taken down and rebuilt.
10. For his achievement in the medical field, the Mayor awarded him a medal of merit.
Read and complete
5. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary.
1. The organization provides information on health issues to the public at large.
2.On the basis of what the Minister says, we will learn whether the Government’s thinking has advanced.
3. I’d like to say a word or two in support of his proposal.
4. In response to your advertisement in the Bedfordshire Reporter, I am writing to apply for the post of secretary.
5. Our company is aiming at a 50% increase in production this year.
6. Consult a dictionary for the usage of the following words and make a sentence with each of them.
1. challenging
Answer: At the meeting, the scholars raised some challenging questions for the city government.
2. joint
Answer: She had taken the money out of the joint account she had with her husband.
3.range
Answer :They will be given a range of topics to choose from.
4. specialized
Answer: To do this kind of experiment needs specialized equipment.
5. venture
Answer: Learning to drive was a whole new venture for me.
Read and translate
7. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 任何年滿18歲的人都有資格投票。(be eligible to, vote)
Answer: Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.
2. 每學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)前，這些獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的申請(qǐng)表格就會(huì)由學(xué)校發(fā)給每一個(gè)學(xué)生。(apply for, scholarship)
Answer: A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester.
3. 遵照醫(yī)生的建議，我決定戒煙。(on the advice of)
Answer: On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking.
4. 公園位于縣城的正中央。(be located in)
Answer: The park is located right in the center of town.
5. 這所大學(xué)提供了我們所需的所有材料和設(shè)備。(facilities)
Answer :The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire.
| Read and simulate 8 . Read and compare the English sentences, paying attention to their italicized parts, and then translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences
|
Answer:
1 Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers in China and one of the world’s outstanding men of letters.
2 Most graduate students chose literature as their fi eld of study, and the rest made linguistics their choice.
3 People buy what kind of houses to live in on the basis of their special needs and on the advice of relevant experts
4. These virtual teaching facilities enable overseas students from Asia and Africa to learn a foreign language in a real-life situation for a minimum of three months
5 Students should check carefully that they are eligible to join this club before making their decision, as each of them is restricted to only one choice.
Write about it 10 Reference Key |
|
| At Oxford, the university and its individual colleges have different roles to play. Basically, the colleges select their own undergraduate students and take primary responsibility for the students’ tutorial teaching and well-being. They also provide accommodations, meals, and other care for their students. As for the University, it provides a wide range of resources for teaching and learning in the form of libraries, laboratories, and other facilities. In addition, the University selects and supervises graduate students, and awards degrees in a wide variety of subjects.
| |
Passage B
Passage B Read the Text: A Once-in-a-Lifetime Journey |
Think About It:
1. Do you think college education is a once-in-a-lifetime journey?
Answer:Yes. To most of us students, it is a once-in-a-lifetime journey, so we should cherish the time we spend in college and make good use of all the possible educational resources to broaden our horizons and cultivate life and career development skills.
2. Who have supported you on your road to college?
Answer:My parents. In China, and in the world in general, it is the parents who support their children on their road to college. But many students also support themselves by applying for a scholarship or taking a part-time job to earn the tuition.
3. How did you start your college journey?
Answer:Open.
譯文：各位家長(zhǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)校生、2015屆的同學(xué)們：
下午好！歡迎來(lái)到斯坦福大學(xué)。今天，我們歡迎1709名新生及47名轉(zhuǎn)校生的到來(lái)。
我相信，在你們?yōu)檫@一天的到來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，一定曾花費(fèi)過(guò)一些時(shí)間來(lái)仔細(xì)考慮你們?cè)诒究平逃A段要追求的目標(biāo)。如今我們生活在一個(gè)偉大變革的時(shí)代。科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)使我們療人類疾病的途徑有了突破性進(jìn)展，也在挑戰(zhàn)我們?nèi)ッ鎸?duì)深刻而復(fù)雜的倫理問(wèn)題。我們給環(huán)境造成的變化——從全球變暖到各種動(dòng)植物種群的減少乃至滅絕——迫使我們要面對(duì)這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：我們將如何建立一種可持續(xù)生存的模式。世界各地發(fā)生的種種沖突事件提醒我們，我們是在與擁有不同信仰、希望和文化的各個(gè)民族分享一個(gè)小小的星球，理解和尊重他們的企盼和歷史對(duì)建立一個(gè)對(duì)大家都會(huì)更加美好的世界來(lái)說(shuō)將至關(guān)重要
你們既然已經(jīng)接受邀請(qǐng)同意成為這所大學(xué)的一員，我想大家都會(huì)在問(wèn)同一個(gè)問(wèn)題：“怎樣才能充分利用我的大學(xué)時(shí)光？”基于我三十四年作為斯坦福一員的體驗(yàn)，我可以向各位提出以下幾點(diǎn)建議。
我的第一個(gè)建議是：去了解學(xué)校的老師們。他們選擇了追求學(xué)術(shù)生涯，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)研究學(xué)問(wèn)充滿激情并希望與他人分享知識(shí)。我們有一支非凡的教師隊(duì)伍，你們要去了解他們，去探求他們?yōu)槭裁磳?duì)學(xué)術(shù)追求充滿激情。
在接下來(lái)的幾年中，你們要結(jié)識(shí)的同學(xué)，他們的背景、文化或信仰會(huì)與你們有很大的差異。你們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，你們的價(jià)值觀——還有你們的偏見(jiàn)——會(huì)受到挑戰(zhàn)。我希望你們能對(duì)我們所處的這個(gè)多元社會(huì)有全新的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)，找到建設(shè)性的途徑去為世界做貢獻(xiàn)。有機(jī)會(huì)向你們的同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，這是斯坦福教育的重要組成部分。
你們所選擇就讀的大學(xué)，不僅是一個(gè)出色的教育機(jī)構(gòu)，也是一個(gè)卓越的研究機(jī)構(gòu)。我鼓勵(lì)你們好好利用這個(gè)條件。要選修和參與學(xué)校開(kāi)設(shè)的課程和學(xué)術(shù)研討，去探索那些正在促使知識(shí)和認(rèn)識(shí)得到創(chuàng)新的科技前沿領(lǐng)域。對(duì)我而言，作為一個(gè)本科生有機(jī)會(huì)去參與科學(xué)研究，曾引導(dǎo)我從電氣工程專業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向了攻讀計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)碩士專業(yè)，點(diǎn)燃了我要站在發(fā)現(xiàn)前沿的激情。這股激情伴隨我攻讀完博士學(xué)位，甚至在斯坦福任教三十多年后的今天，它依然讓我激動(dòng)不已。站在發(fā)現(xiàn)的前沿，參與新知識(shí)的創(chuàng)造，這是一個(gè)具有重大意義的經(jīng)歷，足以改變一個(gè)人的人生軌跡
你們即將開(kāi)始在斯坦福的學(xué)習(xí)生涯并為要在這里度過(guò)的四年光陰做出規(guī)劃。我衷心希望你們銘記這一點(diǎn)：本科階段的教育是一生的基礎(chǔ)。這是絕無(wú)僅有的旅程。它遠(yuǎn)不只是讓你獲取第一份工作的門票。這是一個(gè)培養(yǎng)你成為終身學(xué)習(xí)者所需技能和熱情的機(jī)遇，這種技能和熱情無(wú)論在你將來(lái)的事業(yè)領(lǐng)域還是其他領(lǐng)域都是需要的。
在座的各位家長(zhǎng)，我向你們保證，斯坦福大學(xué)會(huì)在未來(lái)幾年中為同學(xué)們提供成長(zhǎng)和學(xué)習(xí)的各種機(jī)會(huì)。但是這將取決于你們孩子自己的選擇，選擇能令他們興奮的事物，選擇能激發(fā)他們求知激情并能發(fā)揮他們的聰明才智的領(lǐng)域。我希望你們能支持他們的選擇。
我歡迎所有的新生和家長(zhǎng)們來(lái)到斯坦福大家庭。同學(xué)們，我希望你們將在這里度過(guò)的時(shí)光會(huì)改變你們的人生，已經(jīng)有那么多的校友在這里改變了他們的人生。最后，我希望你們?cè)谶@里度過(guò)的時(shí)光將有助于為你們打下一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)，使你們能夠不僅為自己也為后代建設(shè)一個(gè)更加美好的未來(lái)做出貢獻(xiàn)
Read and think
11. Work with your partner and answer the following questions.
1. What was the critical question the speaker thinks the new students must have contemplated as they prepared for the day of starting their college life?
Answer:They must have contemplated what they are searching for in their undergraduate education.
2. What kind of environmental challenge does the speaker think our planet is facing and what model of existence it should build?
Answer:Our planet is facing the challenges from global warming to the reduction and extinction of various flora and fauna, and a model for sustainable existence is urgently needed to be built.
3. What does the president encourage the students to do to take advantage of the university as a great research institution?
Answer:He encourages the students to take courses and attend seminars that explore the areas where new knowledge and understanding are being discovered.
4. How does the president assure the parents of the education their children will obtain at Stanford?
Answer:He assures them that Stanford would afford the students various opportunities to grow and to learn during the next few years.
5. What enlightenment have you gained from the president’s speech?
Answer:Open
12 Anwser: 1.C, 2.D, 3.B, 4.C, 5.D
13 Anwser: 1.challenge, 2.engage, 3.prejudice, 4.constructive, 5.had transformed,
6.urged, 7.foundation, 8.sustained, 9.critical, 10.generated
14 Anwser: 1.take advantage of, 2.contributed …to, 3.was based on, 4.share with, 5.participate in
Read and translate
15. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 他們花了多年的時(shí)間尋找內(nèi)心的平靜，但是收效甚微。(search for)
Answer:They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success.
2. 這種新藥的成功研制已經(jīng)使許多疾病的治療發(fā)生了根本性的變革。(revolutionize)
Answer:The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases.
3. 由于這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣，這家公司瀕于破產(chǎn)。(on the edge of)
Answer:The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country.
4. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)后他成為了一名護(hù)士。他認(rèn)為護(hù)士這一職業(yè)可能很有發(fā)展前途。(rewarding)
Answer:He became a nurse after college. He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career.
5. 他像往常一樣在文件上簽了名。(just as)
Answer:He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it.
Reading Skills Practice
16 Answer:Eugene O’Neill is a great Amer ican playwright. He brought new techniques to the American theater and produced a large number of works, many of which were based on his life experiences.
